Efetividade e segurança da risperidona e aripiprazol no tratamento do transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão narrativa

The article evaluates the effectiveness, safety, and effects of two medications (risperidone and aripiprazole) in controlling symptoms associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is characterized by difficulties in social communication and repetitive behaviors, with varied manifestations among individuals. Early diagnosis is crucial for implementing effective interventions that improve the quality of life of those affected. The research consists of a narrative literature review, using databases such as Medline, LILACS, PubMed, and Google Scholar to analyze pharmacological treatment of ASD with risperidone and aripiprazole. The search strategy focused on recent studies (2019-2024) in Portuguese. Four relevant studies were selected that investigated the efficacy and safety of these medications. Risperidone was found to be effective in controlling aggression and irritability but is associated with side effects such as weight gain and drowsiness. In contrast, aripiprazole, with a potentially more favorable side effect profile, demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing behavioral symptoms, although it also presents challenges such as digestive problems and weight gain. It is concluded that both medications offer benefits in treating ASD, but the choice between them should consider not only clinical efficacy but also individual tolerability and the need for monitoring adverse effects throughout treatment.