Logical characteristics of state classification

The article is devoted to the logical analysis of the classification of the concept of «state». Logical operations «definition of a concept» and «separation of concepts» are distinguished. It has been studied that the logical operation «concept definition» is used to understand legal terminology. That is, definitions are formulated. It has been established that the vast majority of definitions are in the legislation. At the same time, some definitions may come from the official interpretation of legal norms, or from the interpretation of specific individuals, primarily scientists and law enforcement officers. First of all, we are talking about the basic theoretical and legal definitions studied by the theory of the state and law, which determine the professional terminology and fill the professional vocabulary. It is noted that the definition of the concept of «state» was given by many researchers of the theory of the state and law. The authors believe that the simplest and most accessible definition is that the state is an organization of political power in a socially heterogeneous society that solves general societal tasks. It has been proven that the logical operation «separation of concepts» is used in the classification of the state, with the help of which the scope of the concept is revealed. After all, classification is a multi-level, consistent division of the scope of the concept for the purpose of systematization, deepening and obtaining new knowledge about the members of the division. And the division has the following structure: the divided concept, members of the division, the basis of the division. It was established that the states are classified: by forms of government - monarchies, republics; by the forms of the state system - unitary, federal and by the forms of the state regime - democratic, authoritarian and totalitarian, as well as by other criteria, such as by functions; according to the development of industrial relations (historical types), etc. The authors are of the opinion that the study of forms of thinking, the ability to perform logical operations on concepts, judgments, and conclusions are important for students and practical workers in the legal field. After all, knowledge of logics will contribute to the improvement of both the professional and general intellectual culture of a lawyer, therefore, in recent years, the requirements for the training of future lawyers have been increasing.