Renewable energy dynamics in BRICS: Assessing economic growth, carbon emissions, and public health benefits

This study examines the transformative impacts of green energy adoption in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) nations from 2010 to 2022, with a focus on economic growth, carbon emissions reduction, and public health improvements. Using panel regression with fixed and random-effects models validated by the Hausman test, the research reveals that investments in renewable energy significantly enhance gross domestic product and employment across BRICS countries. Green energy adoption is shown to mitigate environmental degradation, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve public health by lowering air pollution levels. The findings underline the global importance of aligning renewable energy policies with sustainable development goals, particularly in emerging economies. This study uniquely contributes by quantifying the socio-economic and environmental benefits of renewable energy, providing actionable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders navigating the energy transition.