Clinical Outcome of Conversion Surgery for Stage IV Esophageal Cancer Following Chemoradiation

<b>Purpose:</b> We aimed to identify the impact of conversion surgery to survival in patients with stage IV esophageal cancer who have a stabilized disease and good treatment response before surgery. <b>Patients and Methods:</b> This retrospective study included patients with esophageal cancer M1 disease treated at a tertiary medical center from April 2002 to June 2021. For patients with a good clinical response to chemoradiation and well-controlled metastatic lesions, esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed. A propensity score-matching (PSM) study with a 1:2 ratio and based on patient age, tumor stage, and metastasis status was conducted for verifying the results. <b>Results:</b> We enrolled 162 patients, including 124 treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) alone and 38 treated with CCRT followed by esophagectomy. A total of 114 patients were analyzed using PSM, including 76 patients treated with CCRT alone and 38 patients treated with CCRT and surgery. The 3- and 5-year OS was 24.6% vs. 2.8% and 12.3% vs. 1.4% (<i>p</i> = 0.006), and PSM was 24.6% vs. 4.6% and 12.3% vs. 2.3% (<i>p</i> = 0.033) for those with or without esophagectomy, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed surgery with esophagectomy as an independent prognostic factor for OS with odd ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.91 (1.23-2.95) (<i>p</i> = 0.004). <b>Conclusions:</b> Surgical resection following CCRT holds a potential survival benefit for the patients with a favorable response to CCRT for patients with stage IV esophageal cancer.