Maritime Technology from the 16th Century to Artificial Intelligence

Maritime technology has evolved significantly since the 16th century when navigation relied on sails and tools such as the astrolabe and sextant. In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution introduced steam propulsion and iron structures, improving the strength and efficiency of ships. In the 20th century, combustion engines, radars, and GPS revolutionized maritime safety and navigation. In the 21st century, artificial intelligence has optimized traffic management, predictive maintenance, and autonomous navigation, reduced costs, and improved safety. This article reviews the technological advances in maritime technology and its evolution towards a sustainable future.