Hepatoprotective Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra in Diabetic Male Rats: Addressing Liver Function, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Changes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that often leads to hepatic complications, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and structural damage, highlighting the need for effective hepatoprotective agents. <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> (licorice), known for its bioactive compounds with medicinal properties, has gained attention as a potential therapeutic option. This study investigated its hepatoprotective effects in a diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin, and animals were divided into four groups: a healthy control, a non-diabetic group treated with <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> extract, an untreated diabetic group, and a diabetic group receiving daily doses of the extract. Liver function was assessed through serum enzyme levels (ALT, AST, and ALP), while oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), were analyzed. Histological examination was conducted to evaluate inflammation, fibrosis, and fatty degeneration. Treatment with <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> significantly improved liver function in diabetic rats, as evidenced by lower ALT, AST, and ALP levels compared to untreated diabetic rats (<i>p</i> < 0.05), suggesting hepatocyte protection through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Favorable changes in oxidative stress markers were observed, with lower MDA levels indicating reduced lipid peroxidation and higher GSH activity reflecting enhanced antioxidant defense. Histological analysis confirmed these protective effects, showing reduced inflammation, diminished fatty degeneration, and overall structural improvements. These findings highlight the hepatoprotective potential of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i>, suggesting it may be a promising therapeutic agent for managing hepatic complications associated with diabetes mellitus, though further research with larger sample sizes and mechanistic studies is needed for confirmation.