Investigation on the amplified thermal diffusion with critical shear rate and thermal jump of second-grade engine oil driven quadra hybrid nanofluid flow: A model-based approach

This investigation explores the flow dynamics of a quadra hybrid nanofluid driven by second-grade engine oil, taking into account the impacts of thermal diffusion, thermal jump, and critical shear rate. The significance occurs in optimizing the thermal conductivity by employing a hybrid nanofluid comprising of graphene, copper, molybdenum disulfide, and silver nanocomposites, alongside the impacts of Thomson and Troian slip velocities. This research addresses the gap in understanding the combined effects of these factors on heat and mass transfer in nanofluid systems. The issue stems from the lack of competent models that incorporate these sophisticated factors, which are essential for enhancing heat transfer based on nanofluids in industrial processes. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of slip velocities, thermal jump, and fluid characteristics on the thermal and mass transport behaviour of the hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, Numerical solutions are developed using the MATLAB bvp4c solver, in combination with an objective-based strategy, to compare the Yamada-Ota and Cross-Hamilton models. The findings show that the concentration, velocity, and temperature distributions are greatly affected by the Troian and Thomson slip velocities. Augmented thermal jump improves heat conveyance however elevated mass dispersion diminishes concentration. The thermal properties are strongly impacted by the second-grade fluid characteristic and the heating source intensity, whereas the Schmidt ratio impacts the concentration distribution. The percentage of heat transmission rate is boosted in the Cross-Hamilton Model in contrast to the Yamada-Ota Model. The findings from this study offer substantial possibilities for enhancing the transmission of heat and mass in industrial processes that employ nanofluids.