The effect of high-intensity interval training (HiiT) on developing speed types among first-class referees in the Iraqi football league

Speed ​​is a key element in football referees' performance. It enables them to respond effectively to challenges and pressures in matches, increasing their chances of success. Therefore, football referees must work hard to develop this crucial trait to achieve outstanding performance on the field. Numerous studies and field reports indicate that there is a disparity in the speed level of first-class referees in the Iraqi Football League, which may affect the quality of their refereeing performance. Traditional training methods may not be sufficient to develop this vital skill, hence this problem emerged. One of the most important reasons may be the lack of exercises that develop speed types among first-class referees. The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of high-intensity (HIIT) exercises on developing speed types (kinetic response speed, transition speed, and rapid power) on (9) first-class referees in the Iraqi Football League. The researcher conducted the main experiment for (7) weeks. High-intensity (HIIT) exercises were applied, and post-tests were conducted. He concluded that the use of high-intensity (HIIT) exercises develops speed. recommended the necessity of implementing these exercises.