Design, Simulation, and Experimental Implementation of an Electric Vehicle Based on Buck Converter

The automotive industry has undergone a profound transition towards electric vehicles (EVs), offering a compelling avenue to mitigate global fossil fuel consumption and associated carbon emissions from land transport. While EV charging stations have implications for load management, network stability, and distribution system upgrades, integrating specific solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to power EV battery and motors presents a promising opportunity. In this paper, a model of an electric vehicle powered by a solar modules /DC voltage source, incorporating a battery and motor is proposed. The proposed model uses three switches to control the energy management between the DC source, the battery, and the motor load. In case input DC voltage is available, the DC source will be responsible to change the battery and supply the required the motor receives power from the battery when the input DC voltage is unavailable. Using MATLAB/Simulink, data-driven analysis and simulations validate system performance. Designing a buck converter for voltage control precedes current control to manage battery current. Integration of voltage and current control ensures robust regulation of battery voltage and battery current across diverse conditions. Transitioning to practical implementation involves rigorous testing to verify functionality. Experimental validation confirms the accuracy and functionality of the proposed system and control schemes, contributing to the advancement of EV technology.