Efficient Batch Verification and Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation Scheme in V2G Networks

In recent years, against the backdrop of smart grids, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction has become a hot topic. With the increasing number of new energy vehicles, handling massive amounts of electricity transaction data has become an urgent problem in need of resolution. Ensuring the security of the vast quantities of electricity transaction data has emerged as a significant challenge. Therefore, two data aggregation schemes are proposed in this paper, both supporting batch verification and privacy protection in centralized and distributed scenarios, respectively. Firstly, an improved Paillier cryptosystem is utilized to achieve lightweight encryption in the proposed schemes. In addition, a novel distributed data aggregation structure that combines a large number of geographically distributed fog nodes with centralized cloud servers is introduced. This structure not only meets the requirements of lightweight encryption and resistance against single point failures but also reduces the communication complexity of distributed data aggregation to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(n)$</tex-math></inline-formula>. According to the security proofs and experimental analysis, it can be demonstrated that both proposed schemes are effective and secure, meeting the lightweight requirements of modern smart grid systems.