Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Operation Strategy for Triple-Port Hydrogen Production System

The multiport converter offers significant advantages in sustainable energy-based hydrogen production, such as high energy density and wide application potential. As the core energy hub in these systems, the multiport hydrogen converter demands high reliability. However, its numerous switches and complex operation increase the risk of failure. Currently, there are no effective fault diagnosis or fault tolerance solutions for these systems. Current fault diagnosis methods for two-port and multiport converters rely on many sensors, have low accuracy, and cannot handle multiswitch faults. In addition, existing fault tolerance strategies fall short of maintaining stable power for the electrolyzer and do not allow capacity sharing among ports. This article proposes a fault diagnosis method for open-circuit faults in a triple-port hydrogen converter and a corresponding fault-tolerant operating strategy. By optimizing a random forest algorithm with a sparrow search algorithm, high-precision multiswitch fault diagnosis is achieved using only three current sensors. Fault-tolerant operation of the system is ensured through an auxiliary switch following a failure. In addition, power sharing between output ports can be realized. This ensures the efficient and stable operation of the hydrogen production system. The effectiveness of this solution has been validated through simulations and experiments.