Food Security of Russia and Its Measurement in the Context of Import Substitution

The article examines the specifics of ensuring food security at both national and regional levels within the context of digitalization and the import substitution of agricultural products and equipment in the Russian Federation. The aim of the article is to evaluate the impact of the import substitution policy on Russia’s food security, considering the particularities of import substitution processes in the agricultural sectors of various countries worldwide. The authors analyzed the positions of foreign and domestic researchers in terms of the transformation of national agro-food markets, taking into account the phased implementation of import substitution policy aimed at reducing dependence on agricultural imports by stimulating domestic production in the context of digitalization of the economy. The researchers pay special attention to the principles of sustainable development of the national agricultural market, as well as the formation of agriculture 4.0 concepts in order to identify the relationship between them in the context of replacing traditional tools, principles, and technologies with digital ones at the macro and meso levels. The article uses a qualitative methodology based on a systematic review of domestic and foreign literature, which considers the terms “food security,” “import substitution,” and “agriculture 4.0.” The article provides detailed information on the latest scientific research on country approaches to import substitution in agriculture, digitalization of agriculture, and improving food security at the national and regional levels. The authors also projected key trends in the import substitution of agricultural products and equipment in the Russian Federation within the framework of transitioning to a digital economy by 2030. They developed recommendations to enhance food security in Russia, considering the production dynamics of major types of import-substituting food products and the extent of enterprises’ reliance on imported equipment amidst the emerging digital economy.