Panta Rh-AI: Assessing multifaceted AI threats on human agency and identity

This review explores the profound implications of artificial intelligence (AI) on human agency, identity, and autonomy through an interdisciplinary perspective that integrates psychological, societal, and ethical considerations. As AI technologies increasingly influence various aspects of human life—from healthcare to decision-making and personal data management—they challenge established notions of selfhood and cognitive autonomy. The review examines how AI-driven interactions affect human cognitive processes, societal norms, and legal frameworks, highlighting the gaps in current scientific and regulatory approaches. It advocates for adaptable and human-centric frameworks that safeguard psychological integrity and an unharmed sense of self while addressing the ethical risks associated with AI. The paper also emphasizes the role of emerging concepts such as neurorights in protecting individuals from invasive technological impacts and ensuring accountability in AI development. By proposing strategies to mitigate these risks, the review outlines the need for continued research into the behavioral, cognitive, and societal effects of AI, emphasizing the role of assessment tools in understanding these impacts. It concludes by calling for collaborative efforts among researchers, policymakers, and technologists to develop integrated frameworks that align AI technologies with fundamental human values and rights. This work aims to provide a foundation for understanding AI's transformative impact on contemporary and future societies while ensuring that technological advancements remain compatible with human dignity and autonomy. • AI challenges human autonomy, identity, agency, and cognitive processes. • Current frameworks lack adaptability for AI's rapid technological evolution. • Psychometric tools for assessing AI impacts on human cognition and societal interactions. • Interdisciplinary approaches for policymakers and researchers in AI implementation. • AI must augment human capabilities without eroding fundamental rights or identity.