Impacts of elevated lead levels on oxidative stress, hemodynamic, and biochemical indicators in goats

Lead (Pb) poisoning is a critical concern for animal health worldwide because of its industrial and human activities. The current study examined alterations in clinical, hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress biomarkers in goats exposed to high Pb concentrations. Eighty-four male goats were randomly and clinically examined for changes in Pb levels relative to hematological and biochemical findings. In parallel, oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in goats exposed to different Pb levels. Thirty-two male goats (38.1%) had elevated blood Pb levels, whereas fifty-two (61.9%) had low Pb levels. There was a substantial increase in white blood cell (WBC) count and total lipid (TL) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in goats with high Pb levels compared to those with low Pb levels. In goats with elevated Pb levels, iron, magnesium, SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels decreased. There was a weak negative correlation between Pb levels and the goats’ body condition score (BCS), albumin, urea, and creatinine. Moderate negative correlations were identified among Pb, Fe, and Mg. Total lipid and ALP levels showed a weak positive correlation with Pb levels. A strong positive association was found between cobalt and Pb levels. High Pb levels increased oxidative stress biomarkers, but not renal markers, and were linked to significant liver dysfunction. In conclusion, the current study confirmed the negative impact of high Pb levels on the parameters associated with animal health and vitality.HIGHLIGHTS Lead (Pb) poisoning is a growing problem in animal health worldwide owing to industrial and human activities. High Pb levels in goats induced hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress alterations. The negative impact of high Pb levels is associated with impairment of animal health and vitality.