Bioactivity of the Gray Knight Mushroom Tricholoma terreum (Agaricomycetes): Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Enzyme Inhibition Potential

This study investigated the antioxidant, antiproliferative activities and enzyme inhibition potential of Tricholoma terreum (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., a common mushroom species. T. terreum extracts were obtained using ethanol and methanol solvents and tested for their bioactivity. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays with moderate activity observed. The ethanol extract showed values of 46.637 ± 2.146 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g for DPPH and 60.683 ± 1.530 mg TE/g for FRAP, and the methanol extract showed values of 30.987 ± 1.298 mg TE/g for DPPH and 149.153 ± 1.290 mg TE/g for FRAP. Additionally, total antioxidant status of both extracts was measured and values were determined as 2.696 ± 0.032 mmoL/L for ethanol extract and 2.302 ± 0.040 mmoL/L for methanol extract. Total oxidant status was also evaluated and values were 10.995 ± 0.170 μmoL/L for ethanol extract and 12.483 ± 0.213 μmoL/L for methanol extract. Anticholinesterase activity was evaluated by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes and IC50 values were obtained as 58.06 ± 1.21 μg/mL and 77.68 ± 1.23 μg/mL for ethanol extract and 67.97 ± 1.04 μg/mL and 84.85 ± 0.88 μg/mL for methanol extract, respectively. In addition, inhibition of amylase and α-glucosidase was determined as ethanol extract showed 0.88 ± 0.05 mmol acarbose equivalents (ACAE)/g for α-amylase and 1.39 ± 0.02 mmol ACAE/g for α-glucosidase, while methanol extract showed 0.36 ± 0.02 mmol ACAE/g and 0.75 ± 0.03 mmol ACAE/g, respectively. Furthermore, antiproliferative activity was evaluated using MTT assay on cancer cell lines and ethanol extract showed significant inhibition indicating potential anticancer properties. These results suggest that T. terreum contains bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant, enzyme inhibition potential and antiproliferative activities and understanding its oxidative stress potential suggests its therapeutic applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and oxidative stress-related disorders.