Sustainable Strategies for Artisanal Fishing in the Pacific: Responding to Climate Change in Colombia and Peru

Objective: This study aims to formulate a comprehensive proposal to strengthen the artisanal fishing sector in the Pacific region of Colombia and Peru in response to challenges posed by climate change. It seeks to promote the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of the sector. Theoretical Framework: Climate change generates adverse impacts on marine ecosystems, altering migration patterns and reducing biodiversity. Previous studies (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2018) indicate that global warming affects the distribution of marine species, decreasing catches and increasing the economic vulnerability of coastal communities. Moreover, recent research highlights the need to integrate local knowledge and adaptive public policies to foster sustainability in the fisheries sector (FAO, 2018). Methodology: This study adopted a mixed-methods approach: Qualitative dimension: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with artisanal fishers in selected communities along the Colombian and Peruvian Pacific coast, featuring open-ended questions on perceptions of climate change and its effects. Quantitative dimension: An econometric analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of climate change on the productivity of the artisanal fishing sector, utilizing secondary data from governmental and academic institutions. Results and Discussion: Impacts of Climate Change: The results revealed that El Niño and La Niña phenomena have significantly affected the availability of marine species. Key species such as anchovies and shrimp have migrated to less accessible areas, reducing catches and community income (Bellido et al., 2021). Proposed Strategies Economic diversification: Promote complementary activities like coastal ecotourism. Effective public policies: Strengthen regulations to prevent overfishing and promote sustainable resource use. Sustainable technologies: Implement environmental monitoring systems and low-impact vessels. Originality/Value: This research makes a significant contribution to the field of sustainable management of artisanal fisheries by addressing a global problem with an integrated approach. The originality of this study lies in: Interdisciplinary perspective: Combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies provides a deep understanding of how climate change affects artisanal fishing in the Pacific region of Colombia and Peru. Adaptive proposals: Developing practical and specific strategies that can be replicated in similar contexts globally. Theoretical and practical contribution: This work not only fills gaps in the literature on climate adaptation in artisanal fisheries but also offers actionable tools for public policy. Practical Implications: The findings can guide the formulation of sustainable public policies, strengthen fishing infrastructure, and promote economic diversification. Additionally, they serve as a reference for non-governmental organizations and international agencies in designing adaptive programs. Social Relevance: The study highlights the importance of empowering fishing communities through training and access to sustainable technologies, enhancing their resilience to the effects of climate change and ensuring their food and economic security.