Highly Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on New Nanohybrid Composite PBA@Ag-ZnO Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Sensitive Voltammetric Estimation of Cariprazine: Green Assessment

This paper shows the development of an electrochemical sensor for the sensitive electrochemical estimation of cariprazine (CRZ), an FDA-approved drug to treat schizophrenia and acute manic or mixed episodes related to bipolar I disorder. Voltammetric studies were developed utilizing a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with a novel nanohybrid material composed of silver zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag/ZnO NPs) and the prussian blue analogue (PBA, ZnTCNi/HCCo) that was prepared through chemical co-precipitation technique. Its structural, compositional, and morphological features were analyzed using XRD, TEM, SAED, SEM, and EDX techniques. The nanohybrid displayed a polycrystalline structure in thin sheets, indicating a large surface area and high aspect ratio. The sensor composition was adjusted, achieving optimal sensitivity with 2% (PBA@Ag-ZnO/CPE), which enhanced the electroactive surface area. All experimental factors, such as scan rate and pH, were examined and adjusted. The proposed approach was effectively utilized for CRZ estimation by square wave voltammetry (SWV), achieving a linear dynamic range of (2.0 × 10 −8 –1.0 × 10 −6 M), with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 5.403 × 10 −9 M and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) value of 1.637 × 10 −8 M. The proposed electrochemical approach was successfully employed to quantify CRZ in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma specimens. The proposed methodology was proved to be valid according to ICH guidelines. The sustainability of the proposed technique was evaluated using Analytical GREEnness (AGREE), complex Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex-GAPI), and Red-Green-Blue (RGB-12) models.