Effect of non-complicated cataract extraction with phacoemulsification on central macular thickness (CMT) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) in non-diabetic patients at Sohag Teaching Hospital

Background: Cataracts are widely acknowledged as the primary cause of blindness on a global scale. Cataract surgery, particularly phacoemulsification, is the most effective and the only approved intervention for cataracts, regardless of etiology. Phacoemulsification, with its numerous advantages, is the most widely used method for cataract removal. It is important to note that while phacoemulsification is considered a safe and effective procedure, there are potential complications that need to be managed. Methods: This study included one hundred eyes of 93 nondiabetic patients undergoing noncomplicated cataract operation at the ophthalmology department at Sohag Teaching Hospital. A preoperative assessment of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) was performed. Follow-up assessments were performed in the 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month after operation, ensuring a compreoperativehensive understanding of the postoperative changes. Results: Comparing preoperativeoperative and postoperative assessment results revealed statistically significant increases in mean BCVA and mean CMT postoperative (statistically significant in the 1st week, 1st month for BCVA and a significant increase in mean CMT in the 1st week, 1st month significant decrease in the 3rd month for CMT. Statistically significant changes in GCC (decrease in 1st week, increase at 1st month, and decrease at 3rd month). Conclusion: Phacoemulsification is a safe and effective management of cataracts, significantly improving BCVA with a transient increase in CMT and GCC. However, the findings underscore the importance of longer follow-up periods to confirm the study results and further enhance our understanding of cataract surgery outcomes.