Effects of scapular function training versus plyometric training on pain and functional improvement in students with neck and shoulder pain – randomized controlled trial

Introduction. Neck and shoulder pain is a common issue among students, often resulting from prolonged poor posture, academic workload, and inadequate ergonomic conditions. Implementing effective intervention strategies is crucial to managing this problem. Aim. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of scapular function training and plyometric training in reducing pain and improving functionality among students experiencing neck and shoulder pain. Materials and methods. This study randomly selected 60 individuals who reported neck and shoulder pain. The participants, aged 18–25 years and of both genders, were confirmed to be experiencing neck and shoulder discomfort. Exclusion criteria included a history of severe neck or shoulder injuries, such as cervical disc prolapse or whiplash injury, and uncooperative behavior. A total of 30 individuals were assigned to two equal groups: group A (scapular function training) and group B (plyometric training). Pain and disability outcomes were assessed using the Northwick Park Questionnaire (NPQ), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The intervention consisted of a four-week exercise program, including three sets per session, 10 repetitions per set, 20 minutes of training per session, and five sessions per week. Results. Group A had a post-treatment mean NPRS score of 4.2, while group B had a mean score of 4.5. The post-treatment mean NPQ score for group A was 59.6, compared to 58.9 for group B. The average post-treatment SPADI score for group A was 60.24, while for group B, it was slightly lower. The findings suggest that scapular function training was effective in reducing pain and improving functional performance in individuals with neck and shoulder pain. Conclusion. The study indicates that scapular function training is more effective than plyometric training in reducing pain and enhancing functionality among students experiencing neck and shoulder pain.