Smart Grain Storage Solution: Integrated Deep Learning Framework for Grain Storage Monitoring and Risk Alert

In order to overcome the notable limitations of current methods for monitoring grain storage states, particularly in the early warning of potential risks and the analysis of the spatial distribution of grain temperatures within the granary, this study proposes a multi-model fusion approach based on a deep learning framework for grain storage state monitoring and risk alert. This approach combines two advanced three-dimensional deep learning models, a grain storage state classification model based on 3D DenseNet and a temperature field prediction model based on 3DCNN-LSTM. First, the grain storage state classification model based on 3D DenseNet efficiently extracts features from three-dimensional grain temperature data to achieve the accurate classification of storage states. Second, the temperature prediction model based on 3DCNN-LSTM incorporates historical grain temperature and absolute water potential data to precisely predict the dynamic changes in the granary's temperature field. Finally, the grain temperature prediction results are input into the 3D DenseNet to provide early warnings for potential condensation and mildew risks within the grain pile. Comparative experiments with multiple baseline models show that the 3D DenseNet model achieves an accuracy of 97.38% in the grain storage state classification task, significantly outperforming other models. The 3DCNN-LSTM model shows high prediction accuracy in temperature forecasting, with MAE of 0.24 °C and RMSE of 0.28 °C. Furthermore, in potential risk alert experiments, the model effectively captures the temperature trend in the grain storage environment and provides early warnings, particularly for mildew and condensation risks, demonstrating the potential of this method for grain storage safety monitoring and risk alerting. This study provides a smart grain storage solution which contributes to ensuring food safety and enhancing the efficiency of grain storage management.