Countermeasures against fake news: a Delphi study

Purpose This study aims to address the growing challenge of fake news in undermining democratic governance. It aims to develop effective strategies to combat fake news-related crimes, which digital technology advancements and the proliferation of social media have exacerbated. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a Delphi study methodology, gathering insights from law enforcement agencies, policymakers and socio-technological experts. Through three rounds of data collection and analysis, this study builds consensus on critical interventions for mitigating the social risks of fake news crimes. Findings This study identifies critical interventions such as disinformation account monitoring, legislative reforms, public awareness initiatives and educational programmes to enhance media literacy. These strategies contribute to a comprehensive approach to countering the impacts of fake news. Practical implications The research provides actionable recommendations for policymakers and institutions to strengthen resilience against disinformation. It emphasises the importance of legislative, technological and educational measures to safeguard democratic processes and rebuild public trust. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing literature on fake news mitigation by offering a structured, expert-driven approach to developing countermeasures. Its focus on consensus-building through a Delphi study offers novel insights for enhancing institutional defences against disinformation in the digital era.