Development of volleyball learning materials based on Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) to improve motivation and learning outcomes

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of this research is to develop a TGfU learning model integrated with volleyball for Grade 5 elementary school students to increase motivation, volleyball technique skills, and cognitive abilities. This type of research is Research and Development. The development model used is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE). The effectiveness test used the "One Group Pretest-Posttest Design." The instruments used were questionnaires and scoring rubrics. Data analysis techniques used a paired sample test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results. TGfU-based volleyball learning materials are effective in increasing motivation (t = 5.511, p = 0.000 < 0.05), lower passing (t = 11.336, p = 0.000 < 0.05), upper passing (t = 11.217, p = 0.000 < 0.05), and serving (t = 9.885, p = 0.000 < 0.05) among Grade 5 elementary school students.