Reassessing the association between age at menarche and cardiovascular disease: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses
This study supported non-linear observational associations between AAM and MI and ischaemic stroke. MR analyses suggested a causal relationship between higher AAM and risk of MI without an indication for non-linearity. There was no support for a potential causal link with ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.
Authors
- Lisa Seekircher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0260-3262)
- Angela Wood (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-304X)
- Peter Willeit (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-7159)
- Alicia K. Heath (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-1300)
- Lena Tschiderer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7988-853X)
- Ioanna Tzoulaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4275-9328)
- Janneke Luijken (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-2994)
- Lene Mellemkjær (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-6215)
- Sanne A. E. Peters (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-5412)
- Carlotta Sacerdote (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-5096)
- W. M. Monique Verschuren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-4227)
- N. Charlotte Onland‐Moret (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2360-913X)
- Matthias Bernd Schulze (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0830-5277)
- Hany Soliman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2824-2100)
- Yvonne T. van der Schouw (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-435X)
- Sabina Sieri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-172X)
- Giovanna Masala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5758-9069)
- Carlota Castro‐Espín (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-7590)
- Sandra M. Colorado‐Yohar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-0780)
- Dafina Petrova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-6776)
- Christina C. Dahm (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-2893)
- Elisabete Weiderpass (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-0128)
- Anne Marie Tjønneland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-2097)
- Jolanda M.A. Boer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-4304)
- Stephen Burgess (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-8760)
- Adam S. Butterworth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-9015)
- Tammy Y. N. Tong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-8959)
- Salvatore Panico
- Conchi Moreno-Iribas
- Cheyenne Bijmolt
Institutions
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- NHS Blood and Transplant (GB)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- University of Potsdam (DE)
- The George Institute for Global Health (GB)
- Universität Innsbruck (AT)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Academy of Athens (GR)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Cancer Institute (WIA) (IN)
- Prevention Institute (US)
- Bellvitge University Hospital (ES)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Victor (Japan) (JP)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- British Heart Foundation (GB)
- Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (ES)
- Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (ES)
- Bridge University (SS)
- Lung Institute (US)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Regional Health (US)
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ES)
- The George Institute for Global Health (AU)
- Navarre Institute of Health Research (ES)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ES)
- Federico II University Hospital (IT)
- Faculty of Public Health (GB)
- MRC Biostatistics Unit (GB)
- Health Data Research UK (GB)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (ES)
- Danish Cancer Society (DK)
- Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (IT)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (ES)
- Addenbrooke's Hospital (GB)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IT)
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DE)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Andalusian School of Public Health (ES)
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
- Published
- 2025-03-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf051
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.71
Funders
- World Health Organization
- Health Research
- Compagnia di San Paolo
- Kræftens Bekæmpelse
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer
- Wellcome Trust
- Scottish Government
- UK Research and Innovation
- Cancer Research UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- British Heart Foundation
- Department of Health and Social Care
- Imperial College London
- European Commission
- Public Health Agency
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- ZonMw
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Austrian Science Fund
- Cancerfonden
- Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport
- Ligue Contre le Cancer
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- Deutsche Krebshilfe
- Medical Research Council Canada
- Institut Gustave-Roussy
- Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale
- Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging ter voorkoming van Blindheid
- Sixth Framework Programme
- Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University
- Medical Research Council
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council
- World Cancer Research Fund
- European Research Council
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice
- Seventh Framework Programme
- Health and Social Care Research and Development Division
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre