Correlation Between Oxygenation Index and Oxygen Saturation Index for Identifying the Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in Ventilated Neonates

Background Hypoxemic respiratory failure has been a prevalent concern among neonates. The Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI) provides a noninvasive method for monitoring oxygen levels continuously and needs to be evaluated against the standard Oxygenation Index (OI). Objectives The primary objective of this research was to explore the association between OI and OSI and develop a predictive OI based on noninvasive OSI measurements. Study design An observational prospective study took place at a hospital offering neonatal intensive care between December 2020 and June 2021. Methods The study included neonates who received invasive ventilation on day 1 of life. OI and OSI were computed using the formulas OI = MAP × FiO 2 × 100/PaO 2 and OSI = MAP × FiO 2 × 100/SpO 2 , respectively. The association between OI & OSI was examined using the Karl Pearson correlation coefficient, and the predictive equation for the relationship between OSI & OI was found using a linear regression technique. Findings The study included 69 newborns in total, both term & preterm, who needed assisted ventilation. The results showed a strong correlation between OSI & OI with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.8 ( P < .001). A predictive equation OI = 1.5 × OSI – 0.097 was derived using linear regression ( P = .001). An OSI threshold of >5.5 was identified to have a 95% specificity and 87.5% sensitivity in predicting severe hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) (AUC = 0.964, P < .05). Conclusions The findings suggest that OSI can be a valuable tool in identifying neonates with hypoxemic respiratory failure.