The symbolic language of a diplomatic scandal: Count Nikolaus Esterházy in Dresden in 1747

Abstract This article examines an episode in Austrian-Saxon relations and the diplomatic career of Count Nikolaus Esterházy that resulted in a brief disruption to bilateral relations in 1747. The Dresden court, which was regarded as a potentially advantageous ally for the belligerent powers of Austria and France, was compelled to take sides in the ceremonial conflict that had arisen on the eve of the dynastic wedding of Elector Frederick August II's daughter and Bavarian Elector Maximilian III. As an expression of exceptional benevolence, the recently elected Emperor Francis, who was not yet officially recognized by France, elevated the status of his minister to that of ambassador for the duration of the festivities. This symbolic gesture served to dismantle the diplomatic hierarchy, humiliate the French ambassador, and exacerbate the already strained relations between Saxony and France, which had been meticulously cultivated in the preceding months. One of the instruments utilized in this conflictual dynamic was the language of correspondence, which was initially employed to convey respect but ultimately transformed into a means of asserting power, disciplining, and exerting control. Nikolaus Esterházy was confronted with a dilemma: he could either obey the imperial rescript and ostentatiously withdraw from the Dresden court, or avoid confrontation by declining to participate in the festivities. He ultimately opted for the former, a decision that would lead to his reputation as a selfish and inflexible diplomat.