Strength Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell and Expanded Polystyrene Composite Coarse Aggregate Concrete with Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) as a Partial Cement Replacement

With slump heights of 8.5, 2.0, 0.0, and 0.0 mm, the composite aggregate concrete is very hard to work with, even though its density is within the range given. Weak concrete is indicated by a maximum compressive strength of 5.8 MPa after 28 days as against a 17.0 MPa specification for structural lightweight concrete. The concrete's water absorption percentage isn't high enough to compromise its longevity. The concrete's extremely low workability and low compressive strengths at 28 days make it unsuitable for use in reinforced concrete structures, even if its bulk density is within the usual code criteria for structural lightweight concrete. The ability of concrete to resist water absorption determines how long it will last. The concrete's poor compressive strength and low workability make it suitable for usage in unreinforced concrete units, vibrated concrete in roads, and other heavy sections. Even though the concrete quality here may not be up to par, Bamboo leaf ash (BLA), Expended Polystyrene (EPS), and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) are still suggested as exceptional materials that might save building costs, improve the green and safe environment, and improve the attributes of concrete.