Optimal deployment of a combined transportation and energy supply units

Due to its ability to address power outages, smart grids are regarded as one of the energy solutions in the modern world. Because they integrate free energy resources into the distribution network and save a significant amount of energy. Electric buses and other electric cars can now be used as both a source of energy and a mode of transportation. In this article, we proposed an integrated decision model for energy management and vehicle routing, which enables the dispatching of electric buses in an adaptive manner to meet transportation and energy demands. This model is the first of its kind, as there is no literature that addresses transportation and energy issues simultaneously, under spatial and temporal complexities, which is the main contribution of this model. This study assumes that the electric bus has various distributed energy resources installed on it, such as a battery and a solar panel. Electric buses use electricity while they travel in order to carry people and deliver energy to other places. A mixed-integer linear programming method has been used to model and solve this problem. This study used performance metrics such as energy expenses, carbon footprints, and traffic volume. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the electric bus network offers greater flexibility when it comes to distributing energy loads among various sites at various times. Since, it can save up to $40,000 in operating costs, reduce <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> by up to 40 tons, and cut down on traffic by 16k automobiles.