Assessment and Risk Mitigation of Halal Food Supply Chain using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and House of Risk (HoR)

The objective of this study is to identify and evaluate risk events and their causes in the halal food supply chain. Using field observations, interviews, and questionnaires with company owners and staff, the study applies the SCOR model to categorize risks into planning, sourcing, making, and delivering stages. Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and House of Risk (HoR) approaches are also applied in this study. Findings reveal several key risk events: expired halal certification (Plan), lack of halal labels on raw materials (Source), inadequate hygiene and contamination during production (Make), and missing halal labels on packaging and contamination during delivery (Deliver). Severity assessments highlight critical risks with high impact, such as expired certification and lack of halal labels, which significantly affect supply chain integrity. The Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) and Reachability Matrix (RM) further clarify the interrelationships and hierarchies among risk events, showing that risks like certification expiration and non-halal raw materials are pivotal, necessitating targeted preventive measures. This structured approach, including the use of ISM and House of Risk methodology, provides a comprehensive framework for managing and mitigating risks in halal food supply chains.