Effect of thermal cycling on the mechanical properties of conventional, milled, and 3D-printed base resin materials: a comparative <i>in vitro</i> study

Compared with the conventional or milled groups, thermal cycling had a more pronounced effect on the flexural strength, Vickers hardness, and impact strength of the 3D-printed group. These findings indicate that further improvements (<i>e.g</i>., material composition, printing parameters and post-processing) in the mechanical properties of 3D-printed materials is necessary before clinical application.