Analysis of the structure and ways to optimize the costs of heat generation and transmission in the regions

Relevance. Centralized heat supply in Russia is the most important sector of the housing and communal economy The costs of payment for the heat supply utility service are significant in the structure of citizens' payments One of the distinguishing features of heat supply from other industries is the calculation of the cost of production, not the produced, but the dispatched unit of product This method of price determination encourages heat supply companies to work on reducing losses in heat networks, as well as their own needs of sources Reduction of these values directly affects the profit of the companies, since the lower these costs are, the lower the cost price of heat supplied. The purpose of the work is to analyze the structure of the cost of heat energy. Objectives: to analyze the approved tariffs for heat energy; to review and compare the structure of costs for production and transmission of heat energy of various economic entities. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is formed by resolutions of executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation authorized to set tariffs for heat energy. The study applied methods of comparison, synthesis and analysis of information resources. Results. The analysis of the tariff structure showed that the nomenclature of cost items for all tariffs is the same, but the filling differs significantly. In general, we can say that the largest share of costs falls on the purchase of fuel and energy resources (fuel, electricity). At the same time, despite relatively high tariffs, the share of repair and investment component is extremely low. Conclusions . The existing method of pricing does not allow to update the engineering infrastructure of heat supply in the region and requires an additional other mechanism for attracting investment, one of which may be the transition to price zones.