The labor and employment market: transformation in the face of changes and anti-crisis tools

The relevance of the research is determined by the search for effective tools for adapting the Russian labor market and employment to changes in the economic environment during crises. The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of the transformation of the Russian labor market in the context of changes, as well as to substantiate anti-crisis tools that ensure the growth of its flexibility and adaptability. The objectives of the study are related to the analysis of trends in the development of the Russian labor market and employment during crises, the study of mechanisms for adapting the labor market in Russia to changes in the economic environment, as well as the justification of anti-crisis tools to increase the flexibility and adaptability of the labor market during changes. Methodology. The following methods were used to conduct this study: content analysis of information from open sources, systematization, economic analysis, comparison, logical method, induction and deduction, graphical method. The results . The article systematizes the main trends and contradictions in the development of the Russian labor market in the period 2000-2023. It is proved that before the 2020 pandemic, changes in the price of labor were the main tool for adapting the Russian labor market to changes in the economic environment during financial and economic crises. It is established that the crisis phenomena of 2020 and 2022 were accompanied by the intensive development of self-employment, contributing to the leveling of the negative consequences of instability. It is determined that digitalization has caused the emergence of new forms of work, including remote work and platform employment, which compensated for the failures of the labor market during the pandemic and sanctions crises. The authors substantiate the directions of adaptation of the population and enterprises to changes in the labor market. Conclusions. It is concluded that the peculiarity of the Russian labor market is the weak sensitivity of employment to fluctuations in the economic environment during the period of changes caused by crises; The main tool for adapting the Russian labor market to changes in the economic environment has traditionally been changes in the price of labor; the pandemic crisis and active digitalization have led to an expansion of tools for adapting the labor market to changes, including non-price ones.