Cross-Cultural Courtesy: An Examination of How Bengali Speakers and US English Speakers Differ in Politeness

This study explores the nuances of politeness across two linguistic and cultural contexts: Bengali and US English. Politeness, a fundamental aspect of social interaction, is deeply influenced by cultural norms and values, shaping how individuals navigate relationships and maintain harmony. Drawing on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, the research investigates, through structured interviews assessing perceptions of politeness, how the principles of "face" are applied in these languages. The findings reveal significant cultural contrasts. Rooted in a collectivist culture, Bengali speakers often emphasize respect, deference, and indirectness, particularly when addressing elders or authority figures. In contrast, US English speakers, influenced by individualistic values, tend to prioritize directness and clarity, valuing equality and informal interaction. Additionally, power dynamics are crucial in shaping polite behavior among Bengali speakers but less so among US speakers. Politeness Theory highlights how power dynamics influence the strategies employed to maintain or threaten face, shaping perceptions of face-saving or face-losing acts. The results of this study reveal that cross-cultural interactions often lead to misunderstandings due to perceived face-threatening acts (FTAs). These misinterpretations stem from culturally influenced differences in linguistic expressions, perceived status and hierarchy, and contrasting cultural orientations, such as collectivism versus individualism.