A disproportionality analysis of adverse events associated with loop diuretics in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)

This study identified both common and drug-specific AEs associated with loop diuretics, particularly focusing on the metabolic and immune risks of long-term use. To enhance patient safety, clinicians are advised to develop personalized monitoring strategies based on individual patient characteristics. For furosemide, monitoring and supplementation of vitamin B1 and magnesium are recommended. For torsemide, attention should be given to coagulation function and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. For bumetanide, close monitoring of metabolic disorders and immune-related skin lesions is essential. These findings support individualized therapy and precise pharmacovigilance, ensuring safer and more effective use of loop diuretics.