Silent Vertebral Fractures in Elderly Patients: A High Incidence Regardless of Gender and Widespread Vitamin D Deficiency—A Pilot Study in Patients Who Have Suffered a Fracture Elsewhere in the Body

<b>Background:</b> The present study aims to investigate the influence of systematic radiological screening for silent vertebral fractures (VFs) on osteoporosis diagnosis, treatment decisions, and long-term clinical outcomes compared to standard care without routine screening in elderly patients hospitalised primarily for fractures requiring surgical treatment at sites other than the spine. <b>Material/Methods:</b> In a level 1 trauma centre, patients with fractures requiring surgical treatment after low-energy trauma were prospectively examined over a period of 12 months. Using radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine in two planes, previously unknown VFs were identified and categorised according to the classification for osteoporotic fractures (OFs) of the thoracolumbar spine. <b>Results:</b> A total of 106 patients with a mean age of 79.4 years participated in this study, and 112 previously unknown vertebral compression fractures were diagnosed in 57% (60/106) of the patients. In this group, lumbar vertebra 2 was the most frequently affected, and the majority of these VFs were classified as OF 2, which corresponds to an isolated endplate fracture with minimal involvement of the posterior wall. Furthermore, 26% (28/106) of the patients in the evaluation showed VFs at multiple levels. This study revealed no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of silent VFs between male and female patients (<i>p</i> = 0.055). Additionally, the analysis revealed that nearly 75% of patients exhibited vitamin D insufficiency. <b>Conclusions:</b> The high prevalence of silent VFs in elderly patients emphasises the necessity for systematic radiological investigations, irrespective of gender.