A Rare Presentation of Pulmonary Embolism Secondary to Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a renal disorder characterized by excessive protein loss in urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. A significant yet rare complication of nephrotic syndrome is thromboembolism, particularly pulmonary embolism (PE). The hypercoagulable state associated with nephrotic syndrome results from multiple factors, including loss of anticoagulant proteins, increased procoagulant activity, and enhanced platelet aggregation. While venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known risk, PE as the initial presentation of nephrotic syndrome is extremely uncommon. This case report describes a young male who developed PE as the first manifestation of nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy. The case underscores the importance of considering nephrotic syndrome in patients presenting with unprovoked PE. Early diagnosis through renal biopsy and appropriate management with anticoagulation and immunosuppressive therapy are crucial in preventing life-threatening complications.