Effect of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Productivity and Profitability of Wheat + Chickpea Intercropping System

Background: The integration of intercropping systems and organic amendments can enhance crop productivity and soil health. This study aimed to assess the performance of wheat and chickpea under different row ratios and organic amendment treatments to identify economically viable options for achieving higher productivity. Methods: A field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2023 at School of Agriculture Research Farm, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. The experiment was conducted in spilt plot design and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of different row ratios as main plot treatment and organic amendments as sub plot treatment. Result: Wheat intercropped with chickpea in the row ratio of 3:1 supplied with FYM 5 t ha-¹ + Poultry manure 2 t ha-¹ + Azotobacter + PSB was found to be suitable economically viable options for realizing higher productivity. This integrated nutrient management approach increased crop yield but also helped promote sustainability in agriculture by supporting interactions between wheat and chickpea, ensuring soil fertility for a long period and economic profitability.