Using modern geodesic technologies for land resources assessment in remote areas

The article examines modern geodetic technologies used for land resource assessment in remote and hard-to-reach areas, including global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), lidar technologies, and hybrid positioning methods. Their technical capabilities, including positioning accuracy, data collection speed, and efficiency in difficult geographical conditions, are analyzed. It is found that these tools provide the creation of high-precision maps, three-dimensional terrain models, and integrated geographic information systems (GIS). The potential of using GNSS for precise coordination and determination of land boundaries regardless of weather conditions or accessibility of territories is assessed. Approaches to using UAVs for high-resolution aerial photography have been developed, which allows for rapid acquisition of data on the condition of land resources and objects. The advantages of lidar technologies for creating three-dimensional terrain models, especially in difficult conditions, such as dense forests or mountainous areas, have been substantiated. Hybrid positioning methods have been proposed that combine GNSS with inertial navigation systems (INS), which guarantees continuous data collection even in the absence of a satellite signal. The stages of geodetic data processing, including filtering, georeferencing, system analysis, and digital visualization, which ensure the high quality of final results, have been investigated. The need to integrate data from various sources to create complex GIS is substantiated, which allows for considering a wide range of parameters when assessing the condition of lands. The application of these technologies to form cadastral maps, monitor land cover changes, identify environmental risks, and land use planning is proposed. The study results confirm the effectiveness of modern geodetic technologies in reducing costs, and increasing accuracy and speed of work. The conclusions obtained are the basis for further improvement of methods for assessing land resources and their adaptation to the specific conditions of remote areas.