Critical review and mapping of the distribution of species of the Hoplias genus in South America

This study aimed to understand the biogeographic distribution and taxonomic diversity of the Hoplias genus, with special emphasis on the Hoplias malabaricus species. The research was carried out based on bibliographies referring to small river basins along the east coast of South America, with a focus on the Brazilian territory. Thus, the data collection was conducted through a literature review. Therefore, the main taxonomic studies indicated that H. malabaricus represents a complex group, exhibiting significant osteological and karyotypic variability, especially in regions of smaller basins. On the other hand, the biogeographic analysis methods showed significant segregation among species of the Hoplias genus among populations from different regions. Thus, a high taxonomic diversity and biogeographic patterns were revealed. Where the main conclusion points to the need for additional research to explore the geographic distribution and the microevolutionary processes involved, aiming to reduce knowledge gaps and promote a deeper understanding of the diversity of these species.