Cost-effectiveness analysis and medication use for gangrene treatment in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic literature review

This systematic literature review assesses the cost-effectiveness and medication use in treating gangrene among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The review focuses on evaluating different treatment regimens and identifying key factors that influence cost-effectiveness outcomes. A total of 22 studies were analyzed to understand regional variations in treatment approaches and the cost-effectiveness of medications, including empagliflozin, semaglutide, and TLC-NOSF dressings, among others. The methodology involved a comprehensive search of databases for relevant studies published between 2019 and 2024. The search terms were selected based on the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) framework, with keywords such as “type 2 diabetes mellitus,” “gangrene,” “foot ulcers,” and “cost-effectiveness,” followed by an in-depth analysis using VOSviewer to map keyword trends and relationships. The search terms were selected based on the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) framework, with keywords such as “type 2 diabetes mellitus,” “gangrene,” “foot ulcers,” and “cost-effectiveness.”. The studies were evaluated based on their design, population characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and economic impact. The results showed significant geographic variations, with higher cost-effectiveness reported in developed countries due to better access to advanced treatments. Medications like empagliflozin and semaglutide consistently demonstrated superior cost-effectiveness, particularly in managing cardiovascular complications in high-risk T2DM patients. Patient adherence was also identified as a crucial factor in improving long-term clinical outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance of cost-effective treatments and patient adherence in managing gangrene in T2DM patients. Access to innovative medications and support for adherence are essential for optimizing both clinical outcomes and economic sustainability.