Helix orbit deployment of nanosatellites for formation flight

This study aimed to deploy two nanosatellites from Technische Universität Berlin, within the scope of the NanoFF mission, directly into a helix orbit using currently available technology to minimize collision risk post-deployment. The methodology involved using D-Orbit’s ION orbital transfer vehicle, launched aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 launcher, for the precise deployment of the NanoFF satellites. The planned deployments with ION, equipped with capabilities for multiple satellite deployments, faced operational constraints such as concerns from SpaceX impacting the timing of the second deployment, and the inability to deploy near the North Pole due to attitude accuracy concerns. Deployment vectors were carefully planned and adjusted for both deployments to minimize collision risk. In-orbit data from ION and the NanoFF satellites, including Global Navigation Satellite System data and Two-Line-Elements, were analyzed to compare the estimated versus requested deployment vectors. The results were analyzed to check discrepancies, discuss lessons learned, and suggest improvements in deployment strategies to enhance future formation flying missions. • Deployment strategy minimizes collision risk using helix orbit configurations. • Comparison of deployment vector accuracy with GNSS and TLE data. • Operational lessons for nanosatellite formation flight missions.