Unveiling the correlation between dietary fiber intake and endometriosis: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data

Endometriosis is a complex disorder characterized by genetic, immune, inflammatory, and multifactorial etiologies. Dietary fiber, a crucial component abundant in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, is known for its diverse beneficial effects on weight control, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and hormonal balance. However, the relationship between dietary fiber and endometriosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fiber intake and endometriosis. This study utilized cross-sectional data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, encompassing information from women aged 20-54 in the United States between1999 and 2006. After adjusting for relevant covariates, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between dietary fiber intake and the risk of endometriosis. Compared to individuals in the lowest quartile of dietary fiber intake (Q1: 0-7.8 g/day), the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for endometriosis were as follows: OR of 1.08 (95% CI 0.78-1.51, P = 0.639) for Q2 (7.9-11.9 g/day), OR of 0.98 (95% CI 0.69-1.39, P = 0.898) for Q3 (12.0-17.5 g/day), and OR of 1.73 (95% CI 1.13-2.63, P = 0.011) for Q4 (17.6-128.3 g/day). The trend test demonstrated a statistically significant positive trend in the risk of endometriosis with increasing dietary fiber intake, showing an OR of 1.15 (95% CI 1.01-1.31, P = 0.034). These findings suggest a positive association between endometriosis and dietary fiber intake. Further investigations are crucial to establish causality and elucidate the potential preventive benefits of dietary fiber intake in endometriosis.