Optimal Allocation Method of Photovoltaic Energy Storage System in Distribution Networks Balancing Economic and Resilience

With the increasing integration of distributed energy resources like photovoltaic systems, the traditional distribution network is transitioning into a more dynamic and responsive one. This shift is positive but also presents new challenges, such as the need for optimal placement and scale of distributed generation units, ensuring operational stability, and achieving economic viability. The conventional planning methods for PV-storage integration often concentrate on specific 10kV lines, potentially resulting in suboptimal PV utilization and excessive storage capacity allocation. To tackle these challenges, there is an imperative to optimize the positioning and capacity of PV-storage systems across a wider distribution network area. Existing planning methods in regional distribution networks have several limitations, including inconsistent planning boundaries and incomplete optimization goals. To overcome these, this paper proposes an optimal configuration strategy for PV-storage systems in grid distribution networks that considers both economic and reliability factors. This approach is designed for both simulated and real-world applications, targeting PV-storage setups in both urban and rural settings. It integrates economic and reliability aspects of the grid distribution network into its objective function, taking into account constraints such as local PV utilization, PV installation limits, energy storage limits, and the equilibrium of power and voltage. To bolster the operational efficiency and dependability of the distribution network, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed to tackle the planning and configuration of the PV-storage system within the grid. This method generates a Pareto frontier, and the optimal solution that balances the two objectives is identified using the Nash game method. The optimal planning program, developed using MATLAB, is then applied to optimize the PV-storage system configuration in a real-world county's distribution network. The results indicate that this method is effective across different grid types and significantly improves operational reliability and economic efficiency compared to conventional line-focused planning strategies.