Recent progress in the rational design and applications of nanozymes

In order to overcome the limitations of natural enzymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity, commonly named as nanozymes, have been widely studied in the past few decades. Due to their distinctive properties, nanozymes have the potential to expand the applications of natural enzymes. However, a significant number of nanozymes have been obtained through trial-and-error methods, indicating the necessity for a rational design in nanozymes. In this review, several types of representative nanozymes are introduced. Importantly, the rational design strategies of nanozymes are emphasized, along with the introduction of their corresponding applications. Additionally, the obstacles and prospects of nanozyme researches are outlined.