Decreasing matrix effects for accurate analysis of primary aliphatic amines in skin moisturizers using magnetic adsorbent

In this study, for analysis of primary aliphatic amines present in skin moisturizer samples, a dispersive micro solid phase extraction method using a mercaptoacetic acid-modified magnetic adsorbent (MAA@Fe₃O₄) was developed to eliminate matrix effects (while not adsorbing the studied analytes). This approach was combined with vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for the simultaneous derivatization and extraction of primary aliphatic amines present in these samples. To confirm the successful synthesis of the adsorbent, various characterization techniques were employed, including X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. ComplexGAPI software and analytical eco-scale index were employed to evaluate the greenness of the method. All key parameters affecting matrix cleanup, derivatization, and extraction were optimized. A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector was used for the identification and quantification of the amine derivatives. The method demonstrated high unadsorbed percentage of the analytes (92-97%), significant enrichment factors (420-525), wide linear ranges (1.6-10,000 µg L^{- 1}), excellent precision (1.4-2.7%), and low limits of detection (0.5-0.82 µg L^{- 1}). This approach offered several advantages, including eco-friendliness, short extraction time, high matrix removal efficiency, simplicity, excellent precision, no need for specialized equipment, and adsorbent reusability for up to five cycles. The method also proved highly effective in the simultaneous extraction and derivatization of amines, further highlighting its potential for analytical applications.