COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION PROCESSES ON DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS IN RUSSIA AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

The article deals with the problem of demographic changes caused by the processes of urbanization. The authors analyze the indicators of fertility, mortality and life expectancy, as well as the age and settlement structure of the population of Russia and developed countries in the period 1950-2022. On the basis of correlation analysis, general trends and corresponding cause-and-effect relations of changes in urbanized society are revealed: increase in the share of urban population, growth in the number of megacities, decline in fertility, increase in the share of elderly people, increasing depopulation. Regression equations describing changes in time of the main demographic indicators are obtained. It is established that the situation in Russia is close to developed countries in terms of fertility, while mortality and life expectancy are noticeably worse. It is shown that the factor of economic well-being is not determinant in depopulation processes, so to overcome the demographic crisis requires a profound transformation of the attitude of members of society to life priorities. Effective measures on this path are the strengthening of the family institution, preservation of traditional spiritual and moral values, educational work with the younger generation in the education system. The state demographic and family policy is focused on the realization of these measures.