Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) vs Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) on Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

This review article explored the comparative effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) versus Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) in improving glycemic control among adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Adolescents with T1DM face significant challenges in managing their condition, with fluctuating blood glucose levels, the demands of insulin therapy, and adherence to self-monitoring practices. SMBG, the traditional method for glucose monitoring, provides intermittent snapshots of glucose levels, which may not be sufficient for optimal glycemic control. In contrast, CGM offers continuous, real-time tracking of glucose levels, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of glucose trends and variability. This review synthesized evidence regarding the impact of CGM on HbA1c levels, time-in-range (TIR), hypoglycemia prevention, and quality of life in comparison to SMBG. Methodologically, the review examined a combination of randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses to evaluate both the clinical benefits and challenges associated with CGM use. The findings suggest that CGM significantly improves glycemic control, reduces hypoglycemic episodes, and enhances the overall quality of life in adolescents with T1DM. However, challenges such as cost, sensor accuracy, and technical expertise still hinder widespread adoption. The review concluded with a discussion on the potential role of CGM in adolescent diabetes management and future directions for research and clinical practice. Keywords: Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG), Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), Glycemic Control, Adolescents.