The Role of Soil Microbiomes in Sustainable Food Production

Objective: The study aims to analyze the role of soil microbiomes in sustainable food production, highlighting their influence on soil fertility, plant resistance to environmental stresses, and reducing dependence on chemical inputs. Theoretical Framework: The research is based on studies on soil microbial diversity and its relationship with agricultural productivity, highlighting concepts of biological nitrogen fixation, biotechnology, and microorganism-plant interaction for optimizing agricultural systems. Method: This is a bibliographic review based on the analysis of scientific articles, dissertations, and theses published between 2018 and 2024, extracted from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered to select relevant studies on the topic. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that the use of biofertilizers, crop rotation, and the application of beneficial microorganisms contribute to improving agricultural productivity and sustainability. However, challenges such as regulating bioinputs and adapting microbiological techniques to soil and climate conditions still need to be overcome. Research Implications: Exploring soil microbiomes has the potential to transform agricultural practices, promoting greater efficiency in nutrient absorption and crop resilience in the face of climate change. Originality/Value: The study contributes to the literature by bringing together recent scientific advances on soil microbiomes, highlighting their application in sustainable agriculture and pointing out challenges and opportunities for the adoption of these strategies.