Penalized Wall Function Method with Dynamic Solution Matching in the Separation and Reattachment Regions

The paper presents the penalized wall function method with dynamic adaptation of the solution matching location, which allows to extend the applicability of the approach to turbulent flows with separation and reattachment. The method is formulated as a differential condition to match the outer and the wall function solutions and is based on a generalized characteristic-based volume penalization method to transfer shear stress from the outer region of the boundary layer to the wall. An alternative adaptation strategy of the exchange location that takes into account not only the flow features but also the local grid resolution is proposed. The advantages of the alternative formulation are demonstrated for the test problem of the flow over a flat plate with adverse pressure gradient.