Dynamic response and stability analysis of tailings storage facilities under seismic waves

Earthquakes are one of the primary causes of instability in tailings storage facilities (TSFs), highlighting the necessity of studying dynamic responses and stability analysis under seismic wave action. This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics of a TSF proposed for decommissioning under seismic loading using the finite element time-history method. The study comprehensively analyzes dynamic deformation, seismic-induced permanent deformation, and pore water pressure changes, while identifying potential liquefaction zones and slope safety factors after seismic events. Results show that stress levels in the tailings dam remain low under applied dynamic loads, indicating a significant safety margin. Liquefaction zones are mainly concentrated in the shallow surface layers of the tailings beach, particularly in the fine sand and silt layers, with no liquefaction observed in the dam slope. The dam body’s deformation accumulates over the duration of seismic shaking, reaching a final value of 11.95 cm. The minimum slope safety factors during seismic events meet regulatory requirements, confirming dam slope stability. The findings provide a scientific basis for the design of TSF decommissioning projects.