Conducting an experimental study on the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and chicken neck derived ECM In Vitro.

Three-dimensional scaffolds play a critical role in tissue engineering. Scaffolds fabricated from decellularized tissues, which retain the extracellular matrix (ECM), represent a promising option for natural scaffolds. These scaffolds have the potential to support cell adhesion and proliferation. This research was conducted to create diverse natural scaffolds through the decellularization of chicken neck tissue. The neck tissue is considered a favorable structure for investigating cell behaviors, such as migration and division. A combination of three decellularization processes-physical, chemical, and enzymatic was employed. These procedures involved subjecting the tissue to gradual and rapid freezing-thawing, followed by treatment with trypsin. The chicken neck tissue was decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Following histological examinations to verify successful decellularization. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone-marrow of rat tissue were cultivated on the scaffold derived from the decellularized matrix. Histological analyses revealed that the most effective decellularization method involved rapidly freezing and thawing the samples in liquid nitrogen, followed by treatment with a 2% solution of SDS and a 0.25% trypsin solution. This method successfully eliminated cells while preserving collagen and elastin proteins. Furthermore, histological examinations and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated the interaction between the scaffold and MSCs. The movement of stem cells on the neck tissue scaffold was tracked on the 7th and 14th days of culture. The results of this study, which examined the fluorescence, structure, and chemical composition of the decellularized extracellular matrix of neck tissue, indicated that it could promote MSCs attachment, movement, and polarity.